Training-Free versus Training-Based Intent Classification in LLMs: Accuracy, Robustness, and Failure Modes

Published in COLM (Under review), 2026

Recommended citation: Zhouhao Yang*, Nan Chen*, Soufiane Hayou. "Training-Free versus Training-Based Intent Classification in LLMs: Accuracy, Robustness, and Failure Modes." to appear on arxiv.